Instructional strategies & approaches 2 Essay

As per Barbara Gross Davis, creator of Tools for Teaching (1993), understudies learn best when they partake effectively all the while. A great deal of exploration has been made on cooperative learning, or learning in gatherings, and it has been demonstrated that regardless of the topic, understudies learn more along these lines. Working in bunches assist understudies with learning and hold more about what is instructed to them than when they are shown utilizing different methods. Davis specifies three general sorts of gathering work. The principal type is casual learning gatherings. These gatherings aren’t perpetual and might be done in a solitary meeting. A case of this is requesting that the understudies go to their seatmate and talk about a specific inquiry. Regardless, this sort of collection might be done in a class of any size whenever to check the degree of comprehension of the understudies, give them an approach to apply what they have realized or to have an adjustment in the learning pace. The subsequent kind is formal learning gatherings, which can be sorted out to do explicit undertakings like composing a report, doing a lab examination or making a venture. The errands can be finished in one meeting or over half a month, until the understudies have completed the action and are given an evaluation. The last sort of gathering is an examination group. Such gatherings are normally long haul, similar to an entire semester or course, and have permament individuals wherein every part is liable for helping each other to finish course necessities and assignments and to offer help and support. An understudy with an examination group can request that his colleagues update him on classes or exercises he may have missed. Study groups are significant in courses that have a huge class size and a mind boggling subject. In view of that, it is then proper to ask with respect to how to assemble these understudies so they would gain proficiency with the most. Davis refers to models on how one could bunch the understudies: the educator can allot haphazardly with the goal that a blend of various understudies are in one gathering; the instructor can let the understudies pick their groupmates; the instructor, himself, shapes the gatherings considering the students’ contrasts; or the instructor asks the understudies first on their inclinations and afterward makes assignments. Whichever the case, Davis contends that these sorts of collection have their own points of interest and detriments and can be utilized relying upon situation. All things considered, the instructor can't accept that in light of the fact that the understudies have been gathered and requested to work agreeably, that they would really do as such. It ought to consistently be recollected that a gathering is made out of various people with various characters, abilities, concerns, demeanor, and so on. In this way, the educator ought to be adaptable, yet firm, and consistently prepared to give help. Notwithstanding thinking about the mix of understudies in a gathering, its size ought to likewise be given equivalent consideration. As indicated by investigates done by Cooper (1990), Johnson, Johnson, and Smith (1991) and Smith (1986) as refered to by Davis, bunches with a limit of five individuals would work best since a bigger number would diminish the open door for the gathering individuals to effectively take an interest. They additionally include that the gathering size ought to be littler if the individuals are less capable and time accessible for the gathering work is shorter. Besides, the degree of the assignment ought to likewise be thought of. Basic assignments like tackling a math issue or planting a seedling would be sufficient for little gatherings. Then again, complex errands, for example, a science try that would expect understudies to research and report, are better done by a greater gathering (Knowles, 2005). Obviously, understudies are people that have diverse learning capacities. Some instructor bunch the class as indicated by these capacities. As indicated by the Westchester Institute for Human Services Research (2002), capacity gathering is the act of separating understudies as per their apparent learning limits. The two most normal methods of collection by means of capacity is inside in class gathering and between-class gathering. The previous alludes to the division of understudies with similar capacities into little gatherings. This is normally found in Math or Reading classes. Between-class gathering alludes to division of understudies into differing courses or classes as indicated by their accomplishment. More or less, capacity gathering obliges the distinction between understudies. Each gathering framed with this technique might be utilizing various materials that are one of a kind and will address their requirements. When all is said in done, research shows that inside class gathering produces preferred outcomes over blended capacity gathering. Inside class gathering can advance quicker learning since the understudies are learning with individuals of a similar level and pace. In this way, quick students can cover more points without being hauled by the moderate students. Then again, as learning advances it is just proper that the assignment trouble additionally increment, and in accordance with that, the gathering structure and number. An increasingly troublesome undertaking would require a bigger gathering to execute effectively. In this manner, if a class was recently partitioned into littler gatherings, the educator can consolidate these gatherings to frame a bigger gathering. In connection with this, the educator ought to again think about the arrangement of the gatherings. In a perfect world, it is better that the gathering be as heterogenous as could be expected under the circumstances yet ought to likewise contain a reasonable number of the advantages, those with past applicable coursework or language capable, and liabilities, those with negative perspectives toward the course or language issues, in a class. Entire gathering guidance is typically utilized while presenting another subject, new materials or new techniques to the entire class. Along these lines, the instructor can assemble a typical encounter between the understudies which can later be a road for additional investigation of the theme and improvement in their critical thinking and different abilities (Valentino, 2000). Then again, gathering or shared learning can't generally be utilized in spite of its great outcomes. Since themes must be talked about inside a certain time period, it is difficult to utilize community adapting regularly since such system truly takes a great deal of time. Along these lines, for courses that covers an expansive, complex theme, similar to general science or material science, it is prudent to make the understudies structure an investigation group. For instance, in science, examinations might be finished by an entire gathering. They can perform one investigation and help each other break down their information and comprehend what they simply did. In such a setting, not exclusively will it limit the worries of the educator, it would likewise help those understudies who come to class ill-equipped. At any rate, with bunch mates, there would even now be a road for them to adapt to the exercise. Too, Likewise, community oriented learning would be advantageous if the class size is huge. As referenced before, a heterogenous gathering is perfect. An educator would need to disseminate those who’ve effectively comprehended the point or are quick students among those that are as yet adapting or having some trouble. What the educator can do, at that point, is decide the understudies that could be characterized among the two gatherings. By and large, the instructor can decide the ‘assets’ and ‘liabilities’ by perception, symptomatic tests or gathering elements movement or by asking different educators and his understudies. Such a procedure would guarantee, that somebody in the gathering knows what’s occurring in class and conceivably offer help to his groupmates. Taking everything into account, gathering or collective learning is useful to understudies. Be that as it may, the accomplishment of such exercises would rely upon the piece and size of the gathering, just as the degree of learning of the understudies. The educator should realize when to utilize this procedure and he ought to be solid and steady, composed and adaptable while doing as such. References Davis, BG. (1993). Community oriented Learning: Group Work and Study Team. Apparatuses for Teaching.Retrieved August 16, 2007, from http://instructing. berkeley. edu/bgd/community oriented. html Knowles, P. (2005). Contemplations on Student Grouping: Teaching Decisions. Recovered August 16, 2007, from http://www. netc. organization/classrooms@work/study halls/dwindle/working/gathering. html Valentino, C. (2000). Adaptable Grouping. Recovered August 31, 2007, from http://www. eduplace. com/science/profdev/articles/valentino. html Westchester Institute for Human Services Research (2002). Capacity Grouping. The Balanced View: Research-put together data with respect to convenient subjects. Vol. 6, No. 2.

Case Studies Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Studies - Case Study Example Scratch Leason is sharp since he utilized his situation in the bank to conceal his missteps. He was likewise an unscrupulous representative. Rather than revealing the misfortune brought about by different representatives, he shrouded the misfortune so as to secure the workers and keep up the bank’s great notoriety in the bank. Authority styles had consequences for Baring Brother’s initiative tea. Leissez-Fare initiative, which included absence of management on representatives prompted the disappointment of the official group. They couldn't settle on successful choice in time. The other initiative style that impacted the activity of official group incorporates despotic authority style. Leeson as the senior supervisor settled on choices without including other supervisory group individuals. The bank’s issue would be identified in time by the official group if the bank heads had settled on aggregate choice. Circumstance authority influenced the banks circumstance in different manners. Pioneers of the association utilized less qualified staff so as to build the benefit of the bank by paying them less cash. This prompted the bank’s misfortune. Furthermore, Leeson situational authority style included covering the misfortune so as to address issues of financial specialists and representatives in the bank. This intensified the bank’s

Psychologist William James Quotes

Psychologist William James Quotes History and Biographies Print Psychologist William James Quotes Psychologist and Writer By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on July 15, 2018 Archive Photos/Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming Psychologist and philosopher William James  (1842-1910) is often referred to as the father of American psychology. His landmark textbook, The Principles of Psychology, is considered a classic text and one of the most significant works in psychology history. In addition to his work as a teacher and researcher, James was also known as a writer of great eloquence. Wilhelm Wundt, who is called the founder of modern psychology, famously remarked that Jamess Principles was beautiful. Jamess own assessment of his ability was far less glowing. At one point he wrote, I have no facility for writing, as some people have. The following quotations offer insight into William Jamess beliefs, theories, and philosophy. On Thinking A great many people think they are thinking when they are merely rearranging their prejudices. Common sense and a sense of humor are the same thing, moving at different speeds. A sense of humor is just common sense, dancing. Compared to what we ought to be, we are half awake. The art of being wise is the art of knowing what to overlook. Truth in our ideas means their power to work. From Pragmatism (1907) Truth happens to an idea. From Pragmatism (1907) If there is aught of good in the style, it is the result of ceaseless toil in rewriting. Everything comes out wrong with me at first; but when once objectified I can torture and poke and scrape and pat it till it offends me no more. What an awful trade that of professor isâ€"paid to talk, talk, talk! It would be an awful universe if everything could be converted into words, words, words. Philosophy is at once the most sublime and the most trivial of human pursuits. On Success, Failure, and Acceptance Be willing to have it so. Acceptance of what has happened is the first step to overcoming the consequences of any misfortune. Our errors are surely not such awfully solemn things. In a world where we are so certain to incur them in spite of all our caution, a certain lightness of heart seems healthier than this excessive nervousness on their behalf. It is our attitude at the beginning of a difficult task which, more than anything else, will affect its successful outcome. There is but one cause of human failure. And that is mans lack of faith in his true Self. He who refuses to embrace a unique opportunity loses the prize as surely as if he had tried and failed. All natural goods perish. Riches take wings; fame is a breath; love is a cheat; youth and health and pleasure vanish. On Human Nature Everybody should do at least two things each day that he hates to do, just for practice. How to gain, how to keep, how to recover happiness is in fact for most men at all times the secret motive of all they do, and of all they are willing to endure. If merely feeling good could decide, drunkenness would be the supremely valid human experience. The best argument I know for an immortal life is the existence of a man who deserves one. We are all ready to be savage in some cause. The difference between a good man and a bad one is the choice of the cause. The deepest principle of human nature is the craving to be appreciated.

Willie Loman’s Corrupted View of the American Dream in...

What is the American Dream? Is it fame? Is it fortune? President Franklin Roosevelt explained the American Dream as freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. (AAC) I think that the American Dream is different for everyone. It is simply the urge for a better life. The American Dream is still valid but is totally different from what it used to be. For the early immigrants the American Dream was a better life not with material goods, but by freedom. Freedom to worship whoever they want. Freedom to say whatever they want without fear of being arrested or shot. (AAC) This Dream stayed with America untill the 1900’s. That’s when things started to change. Norman Rockwell was a famous artist†¦show more content†¦Arthur Miller does a great job illustrating the new, corrupted American Dream in his play â€Å"Death of a Salesman.† Arthur Miller shows us that the American Dream is valid, but those who hope to substitute popularity and lucky breaks for hard work are likely to fail. Miller does this by using characters such as Willy Lowman who can’t achieve his American Dream of becoming rich and famous. In Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman makes two grave mistakes while trying to achieve his American Dream. Willy grew up believing that being well-liked was important to becoming a success. (Death, Homewok hotline) He believed that being well-liked could help you charm your boss and open doors in the business world. (Garrison) A perfect example is on page 64 when Willy is preparing Biff for a job interview with Oliver. He says â€Å"Don’t wear a sport jacket and slacks when u see Oliver. Wear a business suit, and talk as little as possible, and don’t crack any jokes.† (Miller, Death of a Salesman) This just shows how worried he is about being accepted. I think this is what caused Willy to fail. He worked his hardest trying to suck up to people and become popular when he should have just worked harder at his job. Miller also uses Charlies son Bernard to contrast Willie’s thoughts and help show that anyone can achieve their American Dream. Willy thinks Bernard is a physically

The Death of Gre Essay Writing Topics

The Death of Gre Essay Writing Topics Gre Essay Writing Topics Features Governments should provide a completely free university education to any student that has been admitted to a university but who can't afford the tuition. Some people today think that universities should require every student to have a wide range of courses away from the student's field of study. The Study Problem must meet up with the deadline picking a topic that's compelling enough to sustain additional study is important. Whilst a student, you've got to provide your level best in every section. Other people think that such competition seriously limits the standard of genuine learning. Scholarship applications are generally intimidating to numerous students. The perfect way to determine how to find a high Analytical Writing score is to have a look at a GRE essay sample, but doing so with no guidance can be overwhelming. Gre Essay Writing Topics for Dummies Simply take a peek at your breathing whenever you're speaking to a group of individuals. Why it's important to learn public speaking. Shallow breathing will absolutely boost a speaker's degree of anxiety. Should you need help to comprehend the many different kinds of public speaking, and indeed the social relevance of public speaking and why it's so very vital in some careers to learn the essentials of public speaking, then you will definitely find much in the 7 Words System that can help you. The 7 Words System provides an easy insightful routine that lets us get a lot greater awareness of what precisely we're looking for. Different types of public speaking. The True Meaning of Gre Essay Writing Topics You have to develop an argument for your side of the situation. Hardly any native speakers could ever begin writing at the peak of the very first page and continue straight through till they finish at bottom of the previous one. Just take a case study of a royal family or a brand who has become the idol and vintage in the style market. Understanding Gre Essay Writing Topics The very first facet of the essay we'll analyze is the way that it succeeds in identifying and examining the sections of the argument that relate to the job. Keep reading for a discussion of the various ways that this essay meets the requirements for an ideal score. Be sure to spell out the way the answers to the questions would help to rate the conclusion. You should choose a topic that may be achieved within a two-year time period framework. Both test your capacity to compose a cogent thesis statement that you have to defend over the class of many paragraphs. If you take advantage of a question, utilize the problem-then-solution format. Write a response in which you discuss what questions would want to get answered so as to determine whether the recommendation will probably have the predicted outcome. Make an outline of some type. The only reason I mention these two books is they focus not just grammar but in addition on style. Initially, you'd be provided a particular topic to talk about which would wind up getting a tougher interview vogue query. You only need to stop by the official site of essay writing service and you may easily get it. The essay writing service supplies you with an expert writer, which will offer your essay as you require at a reasonable price. Yes, there are a number of excellent articles and sample 6. Fantastic style is considerably more elusive. Just don't forget to save your essay into a distinct document on your computer so you may return and read and score it afterwards. The thesis statement controls your complete paper. Typically, a structure of essay contains three key sections, in other words, introduction, body, and conclusion. PaperCoach will be able to help you with all your papers, so take a look at the moment! The Argument About Gre Essay Writing Topics There are a lot of accounting degree jobs in various specialty fields. It's wiser to pick the proper specialization that doesn't just provides several chances in the work market but in addition pokes the interest of the specific student. The second field of income expansion is by way of pre-selling materials. It was not exactly clear how to start choosing universities.

Arguments against CSR Free Essays

Corporate Social Responsibility While there may be people who are for the idea of corporate social responsibility, there are also others who oppose to it. One of whom, as we all know, is Milton Friedman. He believes that only individuals can have social responsibilities and that the purpose of a corporation Is to provide the highest possible returns to shareholders while obeying all the laws and regulations. We will write a custom essay sample on Arguments against CSR or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are 5 mall arguments against CARS. First of all, it lowers economic efficiency and profits. CARS also imposes unequal costs among competitors and imposes hidden costs which are passed on to stakeholders. Also, more often than not, carrying out these social responsibilities require skills which businesses may lack. Lastly, it places responsibility on business rather than individuals. A business may have to allocate a certain amount of resources Just to meet the needs of the people and environment. Suppose the firm currently has an unproductive operation in a certain country and it would definitely be better for the company if it closes this operation down but this will also mean that al the employees will lose their Jobs and Income. This will affect their livelihood and probably their families as well. For the firm to have corporate social responsibility, this will mean that the firm will have to keep It going so as to ensure their well-being Is taken care of. However, this results In costs that are higher than necessary which ultimately leads to lower profits. Stockholders get a smaller return on their investments, making it more difficult for the firm to acquire more capital to sustain the company in the long run. Another example will be when a firm invests more in a reticular technology so as to ensure that environmental concerns are met but this may backfire especially if there is only a handful of consumers who actually care about these environmentally-friendly products. They may not be willing to pay a slightly higher price for such products. This again reduces profits and lower economic efficiency. Money used in attaining greener technology can otherwise be invested elsewhere to yield higher returns that will be more beneficial to the company. Even though corporate social responsibility Is well-intended, such social costless lower businesses efficiency, thereby depriving society of higher levels of economic productivity needed to maintain everyone’s standard of living. Moving on, the reason why it imposes unequal costs among competitors is because the more responsible companies would have incurred higher costs, putting them at a competitive disadvantage compared to other companies in the same industry. In a highly competitive market, the more responsible companies are even at risk of being out of business since their less responsible opponents will attempt to capture a larger market share. How to cite Arguments against CSR, Essays

The Last Spin free essay sample

Two boys, named Tigo and Dave, who were both enemies and both belonged in two different gang’s had never met each other before and engaged themselves in the game known as the ‘Russian Roulette’. They had to settle a situation for their gang’s. Apparently, Dave and his gang member’s had set foot on the territory that belonged to Tigo and his gang member’s. When they engaged themselves in the ‘Russian Roulette’, Tigo wore a green silk jacket with an orange stripe on each sleeve and had thick black hair and a nose that was a bit too long. Meanwhile, Dave wore a blue and gold jacket and had large eyes that were moist – looking. They were both sitting in the middle of a basement room on two different chairs with a table in the middle. On the centre of the table there was a Smith and Wesson . We will write a custom essay sample on The Last Spin or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 38 Police Special that was worth forty five dollars and three . 38 Special cartridges. Tigo had referred to the gun by saying ‘I like a good piece’. It all began when Tigo loaded the first cartridge, twirled the cylinder, placed the gun on the side of his head, squeezed the trigger and nothing happened. They kept on going while talking amongst themselves, until Tigo added an extra cartridge to change and lower the odds. Afterwards, they still kept on going, while talking amongst them, until Tigo re added an extra cartridge to make it even money and decided that they could not keep on playing this game for the rest of the night. He had said ‘To hell with the club! ’ and decided to ignore the situation. Meanwhile, Dave had wondered if they should become friends and said ‘†¦Friends? ’ Tigo agreed and decided that they shall do ‘The Last Spin’. The tragic event occurred when Dave picked up the gun, placed it on the side of his head and fired. There was an explosion and half of Dave’s head was ripped away and shattered his face. A small, sharp cry had escaped Tigo’s throat, a look of incredulous shock knifed his eyes and he placed his head on the table and wept. 2. At the beginning of the story, Dave and Tigo are separated because: They are both each other’s enemies. They both belong in different gang’s. They both have no blood for each other. They have never met each other before. They have never crossed paths before. As the story continues, Dave and Tigo are brought together because: They both have to settle a situation for each other’s gang. They both have girlfriends. They are pretty lucky. They both have to stick to their gang’s They both went through the spinning of the cylinder without one of the cartridges coming out of the barrel several times when they squeezed the trigger. They both agree to become friends when Dave says ‘†¦Friends? ’ They both want to go to the lake on Sunday with their girlfriend’s in one boat. If I were to film the story I would chose Johnny Depp and Al Pacino to cast in the roles of Tigo and Dave because they have both played in different gangster movies when they were younger or recently. For example, Al Pacino acted as an Italian mafia named Michael Corleone in the ‘Godfather Trilogy’ in 1972, 1974 and 1990 and also as a young Cuban refugee who turns into a gangster named Tony Montana in the movie ‘Scarface’ in 1983. Besides, Johnny Depp has acted as an American bank robber in the Midwest during the early 1930s named John Dillinger in the movie ‘Public Enemies’ in 2009. Furthermore, the set I would use would be in a small basement room with a bit of light that is coming from a light bulb that is hanging from the ceiling, a few windows but some of them would be broken and damaged, a door that is old and rusted, a grey floor covered with some dust and dirt, a grey ceiling that has some cracks and some spider webs, and some grey walls that are covered with graffiti. Inside the basement room I would have a table, two chairs and some boxes that are spread around and are stacked up one on top of the other. Some of the directions I would give to the actors, Al Pacino and Johnny Depp would be to mention that Tigo and Dave are enemies and at the end of the short story, they become friends. I would also tell them to express their feelings and emotions such as when they are about to squeeze the trigger and shoot the Smith and Wesson . 38 Police Special next to their heads, when they speak about their girlfriends and when Tigo starts weeping because Dave’s head has been ripped away from the explosion. Last of all, I would tell them to use gangster voices and expressions. 4. Some of the words that I think are KEY to our understanding of the story would be: Enemy. Club. Settle. Situation Friends Explosion. Weeping. 5. Some grammatically incorrect sentences that I picked out are: I seen pieces before I’ve seen pieces before. I got no bad blood for you I’ve got no bad blood for you. We going to sit and talk all night Are we going to sit and talk all night. I man, you got to admit your boys shouldn’t have come into our territory last night I mean, you’ve got to admit that your boys shouldn’t have come into our territory last night. I got to admit nothing I’ve got to admit nothing. I never seen you either I’ve never seen you either. Where you from originally? – Where are you from originally? Why you giving me a break? Why are you giving me a break? The they get to be our people’s age and they turn to fat They get to be our people’s age and then they turn to fat. You’re the one needs the courage: You’re the one who needs the courage. There should be some body you can trust There should be somebody you can trust. Well here goes Well here it goes. We keep this up all night We can keep this up all night. 6. To begin with, in the passages of description, the author, Evan Hunter, describes Tigo and Dave and the different objects. Secondly, in the lines of dialogue, he describes the different discussions amongst themselves. Thirdly, in the passages of description and narrative he uses the Third Person Point of View by using the word ‘He’. However, in the lines of dialogue he uses Second Person Point of View by using the word ‘You’. Furthermore, in the passages of description and narrative, Evan Hunter, pretends to be in the same room as Dave and Tigo so therefore he can give more information to the readers. Last of all, the purpose of the Second Person Point of View by using the words ‘You’ in the lines of dialogue is used so that the author can pretend to be part of Dave and Tigo’s conversation so he can give more information to the readers. 7. Today’s age is more or less the same as the past generations. In the past, there were many wars were many people were killed. For example, in Europe there was World War One from 1914 to 1918 in which the Allied Forces (France, England, United States, Russia and Italy) fought versus Germany who belonged in the Central Powers and later on, there was World War Two from 1939 to 1945 where again, the Allied Forces fought versus Germany, Italy and Japan who belonged in the Axis Powers. Secondly, there also were many famous criminals. For example, there was John Dillinger from the United States, Jack the Ripper from England and Jacques Mesrine from France. Last of all, there were many different Civil Wars that erupted in different countries. For example, there was the American Civil War in the United States from 1861 to 1865 and the Irish Civil War in Ireland from 1922 to 1923. However, in nowadays, there are still some Civil Wars such as the Somali Civil War in Somalia that erupted in 1991 and the Civil War in Afghanistan that erupted in 1978. In nowadays, there is still some violence because nearly every single day, there are many stories on the news about children that have been kidnapped by one or several pedophiles. For example, there is Marc Dutroux from Belgium. Secondly, there is the Death Penalty which was used in many different countries in the past but today, it is still used in countries such as the United States, Korea DPR, China and Cuba. Last of all, there were many gangs in the past but they still exist today in the United States, South America, Eastern Europe and China. For example, in China you have the gang known as the ‘Triads’. To conclude, there is violence because of Terrorism. There is always a Terrorist Group such as Al Qaeda, Hamas or the Revolutionary Forces of Colombia (FARC) or an individual person who always has to commit an act of Terrorism to induce fear in victims who are ruthless and not protected against Terrorism. Therefore, they kill, injure, maim, destroy and terrorize many citizens. The Terrorist Group or individual person commits the Act of Terrorism for various reasons such as Revenge, Communism, Separatism, Poverty and Economic Disadvantages, Globalization, Religion, Social and Political Injustice. Additionally, there is violence within the Child Soldiers in countries such as Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo because they are brainwashed by their factions, clans or leaders and are ordered to kill other people who are defenseless when they are given an AK – 47. A perfect example would be the movie ‘Blood Diamond’ with Leonardo Dicaprio and directed by Edward Zwick. Last of all, there is violence in many different sports such as football (soccer) and basketball. It may happen when the supporters of a certain team will fight against the supporters of another team if they have any rivalries. For example, the Chelsea supporters will fight against the Arsenal, Tottenham Hotspurs or Manchester United supporters. This would create violence because many of them would get killed, wounded and stabbed. A second example would be a football player that would get killed by its own supporters. An incident of this type occurred in the 1994 World Cup in America where a Colombian football player, Andres Escobar, had accidentally scored an own goal in a match against the United States, a match which Colombia lost 2:1. On his return to Colombia, Andres Escobar had been confronted outside a bar in Medellin by a gunman who shot him six times. When he shot him, he always repeated ‘Goal ‘after each shot.

Gender Roles in Society

Gender Roles in Society Meghan FindleyComm 1010August 7, 2007Gender Ads; The Sexes In The Cross HairsThe 21st century has brought and evolved new styles of communication that has shaped the way our society thinks, behaves, and lives. A large influence that has existed throughout the creation of mass media has been gender roles. The evolution of our society has also caused the gender roles within mass media to also evolve. Mass and mediated communication have become the number one source for the public to witness these gender roles created by companies paying to display their message. Females in ads portray the roles of strippers, mothers, business women, and the single, money spending girl. Men are portrayed as businessmen, either blue or white collar, athletes, truck owners, or tobacco using cowboys. The media creates or uses well known stereotypes about the different sexes to target specific consumers in order to get their attention.Sarah Jessica Parker at the 2009 Tribeca Film Fest...Companies distribute the existence of their products using mediated communication. Mediated communication uses electronic texts to create some type of symbolism to the viewers. The process these companies distribute their messages over large distances to large groups of people by the means of modern technology is called mass communication. Professionals have mastered the use of mass and mediated communication. These types of communication is the basis on how individuals receive and precept the gender roles created by advertising agencies for these specific companies. Each product seen on television or the internet has a target. Companies know what men, women, and children want for the most part, and they will do whatever they can in order to cause the consumers desire to rise to a point where they must buy the product.Women have a very diverse role in advertising. Agenda settings are mastered by advertising agencies. They determine...

Take Care with Dysphemisms

Take Care with Dysphemisms Take Care with Dysphemisms Take Care with Dysphemisms By Mark Nichol You probably know what a euphemism is: putting lipstick on a pig, as in using the expression â€Å"pass away† in place of the word die, or â€Å"enhanced interrogation† instead of torture. Is dysphemism essentially, the opposite concept any more problematic? Just as a euphemism cloaks a disagreeable or offensive concept with an innocuous or vague label, dysphemism assigns a mildly or scathingly pejorative term to a concept or person that may be considered neutral or positive or may already have a negative connotation or reputation. For example, doctors are sometimes called quacks, and psychiatrists and psychologists are often referred to as shrinks. (Quack derives from quacksalver, from a Dutch word meaning â€Å"seller of salves,† or ointments; quack is equivalent to hawk, a verb meaning â€Å"to sell by calling out.† Shrink is a truncation of â€Å"head shrinker,† from the idea that mental health professionals are no more knowledgeable about the mind than witch doctors who shrink human heads for ritualistic purposes.) Shrink is often used inoffensively, even by psychiatric patients or by psychiatrists themselves. But quack denotes an unscrupulous doctor or someone posing as a doctor or otherwise fraudulently offering to heal others and is rarely used jocularly. Because of the variable connotations among dysphemisms, writers should take care when considering whether to use them. Such terms are unlikely to appear in formal writing, but they may show up in more casual prose, especially in opinionated comments. An accountant might, in jest, refer to himself as a bean counter, but the connotation is of an excessively meticulous person unable to focus on anything other than saving money, and the term is generally offensive. An attorney, on the other hand, would never call herself a shyster, even in a moment of levity, and the word is provocative. â€Å"City slicker†? I’m a relative newcomer to a rural area from a metropolitan one, and I might jokingly self-identify as such, but for anyone else who might think of calling me that, as the (mis)quote from a Gary Cooper movie goes, â€Å"Mister, smile when you call me that.† The same policy applies to tree-hugger or redneck, bookworm or â€Å"frat boy,† â€Å"pencil pusher† or â€Å"talking head†: Use with caution. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesTop 11 Writing Apps for iOS (iPhone and iPad)Ebook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

In what ways are new technologies opening up new spaces of identity Essay

In what ways are new technologies opening up new spaces of identity for young people - Essay Example In this dissertation we explore the different technological aspects which have gone far in facilitating people to open up new spaces of identity. In reality when we communicate with another person we do not get to know about their likes and dislikes and other features and it makes us almost impossible to select the right one. If the entire profile of the person is revealed as in MySpace.com and Orkut.com it gets very easy to communicate with the right person. The technology has brought in powerful combination of Internet capabilities and web technologies that promotes creating such spaces over the internet in the form of online communities. There are several factors which promote the elasticity of the online communities and bring in more people to share information and make ones knowledge and resources available to the large section of people. 'Am a very busy person and literally had no time to check every company website to whom I applied for internship. MySpace.com was a global community which allowed posting of information meant for a community, I recently got a notification and it helped me to get a job'. (MySpace.com) 1. Anticipated Reciprocity: A person is motivated to contribute valuable information to the group in the expectation that one will receive useful help and information in return. Indeed, there is evidence that active participants in online communities get more responses faster to questions than unknown participants (Kollock, 1999). This is indeed very true for other sites like Orkut.com, a Google community where active participants use the technology to communicate with people. Even Yahoo.com has a service called Yahoo Answers which is pretty fast is responding to its members and also it acknowledges all the other members too. 2. Increased Recognition: Every being wants recognition for their contribution and they would want it to the degree of visibility in the entire community they belong. Myspace.com encourages elaborate profiles for members where they can share all kinds of information about themselves including what music they like, their heroes, etc. In addition to this, many communities give incentives for contributing. For example, many forums award you points for posting such as Yahoo Answers, who allot points to its members for asking and answering a question. EBay is an example of an online community where reputation is very important because it is used to measure the trustworthiness of someone you potentially will do business with. With eBay, you have the opportunity to rate your experience with someone and they, likewise, can rate you. This has an effect on the reputation score. 3. Sense of Efficacy: Individuals contribute valuable information because the act results in a sense of efficacy, that is, a sense that they have had some effect on this environment. There is well-developed research literature that has shown how important a sense of efficacy is and making regular and high quality contributions to the group can help individuals believe that they have an impact on the group and support their own self-image as an efficacious person. 4. Sense of Community: People, in general, are fairly social beings and it is motivating to many people to be responded

F Robert Nozick's How Liberty Upsets Patterns Essay

F Robert Nozick's How Liberty Upsets Patterns - Essay Example This paper agrees that a society, even a socialist one, can still be unequal because of the uneven distribution of skills, knowledge, and attitudes among people, but liberty is a natural equalizer, ensuring that people, no matter how small their financial/nonfinancial gifts may be, can have opportunities for self-development and economic prosperity, so that they can increase their shares to more socially equitable terms. Nozick employs the concepts of distributive justice and supply and demand to depict the complexities of justice in the real world. Distributive justice can have different patterns, depending on the preferred pattern of society. It aims for the fair distribution of benefits and burdens using particular criteria, such as equality, merit, and needs. Liberty, which is married to a capitalist society, relies on the criteria of equality and merit. Nozick uses the example of Wilt Chamberlain to explore the effects of in-demand skills on its supply. Chamberlain knows that he is in high demand as a basketball star. This allows him to change D1 to D2, where the public changes D1 by the nature of their preferences. D2 is different from D1, where â€Å"[a]fter someone transfers something to Wilt Chamberlain, third parties still have their legitimate shares; their shares are not changed† (Nozick). The public has legitimate ownership of their shares, which they can skew, if they want, in favor of Chamberlain. As a result, even if Chamberlain may be working as hard and as long as, let us say Spitzer, the former earns higher than the latter because of the third party intervention. The level of demand dictates the price of the supply. The key steps of Nozick’s argument are giving examples on how a preferred distribution of justice may be upset and changed, comparing capitalist with socialist societies, and establishing the primary argument that in a liberal capitalist society, the concept of free will and diversity of inherent or inherited financi al and non-financial resources will definitely skew the original distribution of justice, unless a constant form of control is imposed on society.

The International Tourist Destination Tourism Essay

The International Tourist Destination Tourism Essay Tourism can be traced back to centuries but because the elements of the product and conditions of the market place have changed so enormously in the last few decades there has been a corresponding requirement for a change in the business methods. This has led to the use of tourism marketing. Tourism industry over the last few years has had an accelerated growth. Destinations come in all shapes and sizes and can be found in variety of geographical settings such as in urban, rural and coastal environment. Destinations can be a collection of countries or a district state, county or coastline. They can often be viewed in both a supply or demand context. Destinations are subject to artificial divides that ignore the needs of the consumer and the expectations of the tourist.The supply sided definition of destination is a well-defined geographical area which is understood by its visitor as a unique entity with a political and legislative framework for tourism marketing and planning. (Buhalis, 2000) whereas the demand sided definition is a place towards which people travel and where they choose to stay for a while in order to experience certain features or characteristics. (Buhalis, 2000) This paper presents a theoretical framework of disaster management in a destination with the marketing strategies in tourism. The first part of the essay would discuss on general views on destinations, marketing strategies and disasters. The second part concentrates on marketing strategies of Kerala as a destination and how marketing strategies can be used to mitigate negative impacts of disasters in a destination. Introduction All destinations have similar characteristics. The success of a tourist destination depends on the quality of the basic essentials they offer to tourists namely attractions, amenities and accessibility (Holloway and Taylor 2006).Each and every organization has to operate within a market environment. This environment is made up of different levels of influence that will affect the opportunities and the marketing decisions that need to be made. The conditions affecting competition and rivalry in company markets, the values of stakeholder groups, the political, social, economic, social and technological changes of the wider environment. For a destination to be successful and stay ahead in the industry, the officials and stakeholders must develop and implement new strategies. As per Johnsons and Scholes (1993) strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long term; ideally which matches its resources to its changing environment and in different markets, customers or clients so as to meet the stakeholders expectations. Different travel companies have similar marketing strategies for a destination. Any company in-order to form a marketing strategy has to first understand the particular destinations strengths, weakness, opportunities available and threats. When talking about managing and marketing a tourist destination it is very important to keep in mind the 15 Cs framework namely; Complexity, Control, Change, Crisis, Communication, Complacency, Customers, Culture, Competition, Commodification, Creativity, Channels, Cyberspace, Consolidation, Collaboration (Fyall et all). Marketing Mix To make a successful marketing strategy one has to understand the 4 Ps of marketing mix namely product, price, promotion and place. Kotler and Armstrong (2005) indicate that marketing mix is one of the key concepts in modern marketing theory. They defined marketing mix as the step of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Firstly we would have a look at the 4 Ps of marketing mix. Product The effectiveness of planning the marketing mix depends as much on the ability to select the right target market as on the skill in devising a product offer. It is really difficult to talk about a product (destination) as one complete entity hence to understand a product in a better way McCarthy (1978) divided it into four different levels namely the core product, the facilitating product, supporting product and the augmented product. Along with it comes, services offered and the quality of the product which differs according to the product and customer/guests expectation. It is very important for an organisation to decide on the range of products to be offered to a particular target market. Brand name also plays a major role in the marketing of a product, a customer/guest travelling to a place may differ in terms of preference, necessities. Apart from the customers point of view for a destination for which customers are willing to pay high amounts it is very important to maintain th e standards of services and fulfil customers basic necessities. People often purchase a familiar brand as they are comfortable with familiar things. There are assumptions made by customers that a familiar brand would be reliable and of reasonable quality. An unknown brand often has limited chances. (Aaker, 1991: 19) Price The pricing policy selected for a product (destination) is often directly related to the performance of its future demand. Pricing decisions is often considered the hardest part of the marketing mix strategy. Promotion It is a very important activity that tourists organisations or tourists board perform in order to influence potential customers. It is also important to influence trade contacts such as retail agents, suppliers and opinion formers such as journalists and travel critics. Advertising plays a major role in terms of promotion as it helps is changing attitudes and builds an image in the customers mind. Sales promotion is another method which adds value to the product. Another method of promotion is personal selling where in a direct contact with the customer is established. However there is a growing use of sponsorship and direct marketing which many organisations are using. Place/Distribution Tourism is an intangible product hence no transfer of ownership takes place only services are rented or consumed. A distribution system is the mix of channels used to gain access, or means by which a tourism service is made available to the potential consumers of the product. There has been a constant growth in the central reservation system and the global distribution system which has shrunk the world and has got the customer closer to the product. However later on Booms and Bitner (1981) argued that the marketing mix of four Ps is not comprehensive enough for the tourism and hospitality industry, so they addedthree more clauses which are people, physical evidence and process. Tourism as an industry is not only affected by disasters but also is a cause for disasters which in turn affect the tourists flow. Impacts of Tourism Economic Impact of Tourism Tourism has been traditionally viewed as a great force in promoting understanding among nations and within the national boundaries facilitating emotional integration. However, its economic importance is less commonly understood. It is only in the recent years, in particular the latter half of the 20th century that tourism has been accepted as an important catalyst for economic development. It is in terms of its contribution to employment generation, foreign exchange earnings, income generation and output growth that tourism has significant impact on the economy. [ Indira Gandhi National Open University] (IGNOU 2002) Environmental Impact of Tourism Different kinds of tourism activities affect the natural and built environment. There is a complex interaction between tourism and the environment. Many studies have shown that tourism has an immense impact on the physical environment, and that little has been done to remedy or control the assault on the ecology. This is especially distressing in view of the fact that a major part of tourism depends on nature: mountains, beaches, deserts, forests, wildlife, water bodies and the like. [ Indira Gandhi National Open University] (IGNOU 2002) Socio-cultural Impact of Tourism Among the most debated issues pertaining to tourism are those related to the effects that tourists and the industry have on societies and cultures of local communities. A general argument is that tourism contributes to international understanding and harmony. On the contrary, it has severely affected indigenous customs and ways of life in certain cases. Tourists are seldom well prepared for an international encounter which is vastly different from their own. Their knowledge, in most cases, is cursory, that is glamorised images from glossy travel brochures, movies and similar material. [ Indira Gandhi National Open University] (IGNOU 2002) Disaster Disaster is a calamitous event which often leads to great damages which can be physical (affecting the nature and life) or can affect the business environment. (Oxford dictionary). Disasters are of two types namely Natural and Man-made disasters. Tourism has frequently been subjected to natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis and earthquakes for example Hurricane Katrina on the north central Gulf Coast of the USA in 2005, the tsunami in 2004 off the coast of Indonesia and earthquakes in Taiwan in 1999 and San Francisco in 1989. The immediate effect leads to destruction of the tourist infrastructure and fall in customer demands. In addition to direct effect, destinations may suffer long term damage by perceptions in travel-risk. The earths climate has drastically changed in recent times and is predicted to change in the future. Directly and indirectly tourism is influencing the climate by about 80% (Gossling et al., 2005). Tourism is not only susceptible to natural disasters it is also affected by man-made disasters, such as outbreak of war, political unrest, terrorism for example political unrest in Libya, Terrorism attacks in Mumbai, India in 2007. Tourists generally perceive acts of terrorism to be higher risk than natural disasters when travelling. The perception of travel related risks have has changed during recent times as a result of change in the magnitude and frequency of the attacks. Kerala a major tourist destination in India Kerala, Gods own country is one of the favourite destinations for tourists in the world. It is situated on the south-western part of India with a coastline of 580km. It is famous for eco-tourism initiatives and growing at a rate of 13.31%. In the year 2008, 23.57% of total tourists were from United Kingdom, France and Germany. USA accounted for 8.72% of total tourists visiting Kerala in the year 2008. Kerala became 50 must see places in the lifetime to visit (National Geographic Travel, 2004) and also awarded in super brand award for 101 strongest brands in India by super brands India in the Year 2007. Tourism has emerged as the major revenue generating business to government of Kerala which has contributed almost 8% of the total employment directly and indirectly. The most important turning point in the state of Kerala was the private-public partnership to promote tourism in Kerala. Marketing of Kerala as a destination Backwater is the major tourist attraction of Kerala, however enjoying beaches with Ayurvedha is also one of the major attractions for tourists today. The government of Kerala is now trying to brand the medical tourism initiative which is turning out to be a great success as loads of people from many different countries are travelling to Kerala for better health care. There is also an emphasis on traditional art forms like Kathakali, Theyyam, etc which are pulling interests of travellers interested in arts. Kerala tourism is focussed more towards mass media advertisements and PR activities which help in attracting many tourists. Kerala also in terms of pricing is considered in a few of the cheap places for tourists in India. Hence it is very clear that the 4 Ps of marketing mix Place, Product, Price, Promotions. Kerala as a destination is influenced by natural and man-made disasters both. It has been observed that over the past three decades the predominant style of tourism in the region has been based almost exclusively on the attraction of the climate and of beaches. International visitors simply like visiting the beach and visit the back waters, the government has had an economic commitment to make to satisfying international demand by providing a coastal tourism product (UNECLAC, 2003). However the coastal range is prone to direct and immediate risk as when we look back from the year 2000 there has been a lot of natural disasters such as Hurricanes, storms, Tsunami, Floods, etc. Similarly when we look at the man-made disasters the Indian Sub continent is very prone to it from the Kargil war in 1999 to different terrorism attacks in Parliament building (New delhi) in 2001 and the Taj Hotel bombing (Mumbai) in 2008 or be it the global recession. All these affect the tourist flow in a particular destination. Strengths and Weakness There are a few weakness and many strengths of the above mentioned marketing strategy done by the government of Kerala. Firstly we would discuss weaknesses of the strategy followed by the strengths. Weaknesses There is an inadequate infrastructure to match the expectations of the tourist who travel to Kerala which means limited number of hotels, restaurants and limited space. The government has tough airline policies such as keeping in mind Kerala does not have an international airport as one of the major generator of tourist revenue. There is no proper waste management system which can become cause for many natural disasters. There is a shortage of funds available for growth of tourism which can often lead to exploitation of tourists and can lead to many other man-made disasters which is very common in Goa now-a-days. Strengths One good thing about the government of Kerala is that they are smooth operators of law and order which helps in confronting any man-made disaster to happen. The people of Kerala are involved by the government in the tourism industry which leads to broader thinking and leads to development of knowledge of disaster management in the people. The quality of life also improves of the local people, it is also noted that Kerala is the only society in the world which has 100% literacy rate. The current marketing strategy promotes Kerala as a destination and has made such an image even if there is a miss happening in the country, tourists would still flow in considering Keralas law and order being so rigid. In case of any natural disaster it is very obvious that it is a destination that can recover in one single days time. Even during the Tsunami, Kerala recovered itself very easily whereas other destinations adjoining Kerala took time to recover from the shock. Conclusion Kerala tourism is one of the super brand in the world of tourism. But the government is currently focussing on mass media tools although it is being properly put together but the government should focus more on direct marketing as the major revenue generator is the domestic market. Direct marketing can be considered to be more effective for brand building and very cost efficient as compared to mass media promotions. Word of mouth is being considered one of the most important tool of marketing now-a-days. Apart from these strategies the government also can conduct events based campaigns keeping in mind the various festivals in the state itself like Pongal, famous boat race. Furthermore it can also be recommended that encouraging local people to participate in decision-making process, training the guides and the local people, appreciate people of different profession and allocate special areas for the peaceful co-existence, maintaining the control on the prices of goods and quality of services. The government should take extra steps and encourage private investors to invest and promote tourism in a destination which would in turn lead to improvements in the infrastructure of the destination which is one of the most important thing for a destination in order to attract more tourists.

Water, the Finite Resources

Water, The Finite Resources Outline I. Introduction A. Opener: What is water scarcity? B. Thesis statement: One of the crises that our environment is facing is fresh water scarcity which is a very serious issue and it affects our global environmental. II. Water shortage effects on environment and human beings. A. Causes disease B. Agricultural fields C. Poverty group D. Aquatic Ecosystems III. Water scarcity is causes by different factors. A. Global warming B. Changes of climate C. Decreasing ground water level D. Population growth and the increased consumption of water IV. Solution for water scarcity is a necessity. A.Water Sharing Treaty B. Environmentalists Oppose Desalination Solution C. Government’s rules, regulations and plan V. Conclusion: People should use water wisely to prepare a better future for our next generation. Water, Our Finite Resources One of the crises that our environment is facing is fresh water scarcity which is a very serious issue and it affects our g lobal environment. In the boundless black desert of space, the Earth which is always a blue-green oasis has a finite stock of fresh water (Lean, 2009). Water is the principal element for all socio-economic growth and for sustaining healthy ecosystems (â€Å"Water scarcity: The†, n. . ). Water scarcity is the product of an inequity between the supply of and demand for water supplies in a geographical area. Plainly put, water scarcity is based on the lack of water which means the quantity of water and the lack of access to safe water which refers to quality of the water. It is hard to picture that safe and clean water cannot be taken for granted; but, finding a dependable source of safe water consumes time and it is expensive in the developing world. This is defined as economic scarcity whereas physical scarcity of water can be overcome if more water can be found, but it needs more resources to do it.In other areas, the shortage of water is a more intense problem (FOA, n. d. ). There is only less than 1% of the world’s fresh water which is readily accessible for direct human use (â€Å"Water facts†, n. d. ). Lean (2009) researched that by 2030, more than half of the world’s population will stay in high risk areas. Based on the World Water Development report, which is compiled by 24 UN agencies under the auspices of UNESCO, add that shortages of water are starting to constrain the economic growth in regions as diverse as Australia, California, Chia, India, and Indonesia (FOA, n. d. ).Thus, this can show that water scarcity really affects human beings and the environment especially poverty, agriculture field, aquatic ecosystems, and causes disease. Poverty is the largest issue on which water crisis has an impact. Shah (2010) announced that there are 2. 6 billion people in the world who lack basic sanitation whereas inadequate access to water has affected 1. 1 billion people in developing countries, while the rest of world enjoys direct access to freshwater for domestic use. For poor people, water scarcity is about ensuring the fair and safe access which they need to secure their livelihoods, and sustain their lives. FOA, n. d. ). About 1. 8 billion people only can access water within one kilometer and consume around twenty liters per day; people in United Kingdom use on average 150liters per day. One out of every five children (400 million) from the developing world does not have access to safe water. Around 443 million children lost their school days each year from water-related illness (Shah, 2010). Furthermore, lack of water means millions of women are spending many hours every day in collecting water, sometimes from several miles away (FOA, n. d. ).It is clearly show that water scarcity is preventing them from attaining even first step on the socioeconomic ladder. Water scarcity has a huge influence on agriculture fields and food production. (Sentlinger, n. d. ) Since agriculture is the biggest water consumer, it takes 70percent of the total use; water deficiency causes weak farming harvest, loss of animal wealth in farmland, and leads to insecurity of food. (â€Å"Water security†, 2010) Moreover, the amount of water needs for food production is the problem. People desire more and more water for even more agriculture.Yet the most major contributor to water scarcity and to the ecosystem is the way people use water (Molden, De Fraiture, & Rijisberman, 2007). In addition, the quantity, availability, and price of key food product inputs can be directly impacted upon by water scarcity having a negative affect on animal and crop yields. The price of food commodities is particularly vulnerable and defenseless to the shocks of unexpected extreme weather incidents, while animals yields are highly at risk from raised water temperatures especially aquaculture and access to clean water sources (Krechowicz, Venugopal, Sauer, Somani, & Pandey, 2010).Within the next ten to twenty years, the wate r crisis seems likely to trigger significant shortfalls in cereal production. As a result, an enormous global food crisis will occur (Quarterly, 2010). Water scarcity, the global critical issue cause increasing environmental stress, and it affects the ecosystem. In order to solve the water scarcity problem, huge dam construction causes interception of river flow, and it is endangering the dependent creatures.The study estimated 24% of mammals, 12% of birds, and 10% of freshwater fish types are endangered (â€Å"Water security†, 2010). Increasing consumption water not only decrease the amount of water for human development but has brought a profound influence on the aquatic ecosystems and their supported stocks (World Water Council, n. d. ). In addition, freshwater species also experience habitat degradation and changes of thermal regimes which relate to climate alteration and water impoundment (Arthurtonet al. , n. d. ).More than half of native freshwater in South Australia a re already listed as rare, endangered or vulnerable and the problem is worsening by the drought which makes conservation difficult, once their habitats dry up (â€Å"Water security†, 2010). Covich, Postel and Carpenter explain that the life those ecosystems support and the health of aquatic ecosystems are in the risk stage because of the withdrawal of more fresh water for industry, agriculture, or cities in many areas (as cited in Postel, 2000). Over and above, water scarcity brings a big effect on human health.The single most important issue determining public health which has been identified by the World Health Organization is clean water (â€Å"Problem: Fresh water†, n. d. ). The global water crisis causes death and disease in the world taking more than 14,000 people’s lives which include 11,000 of children under age five take each day (West, n. d. ). Poor water quality raises the risk of diarrhoeal diseases such as dysentery, typhoid fever, cholera, and othe r water-borne infections. Meantime, diseases such as trachoma, typhus, and plague are caused by water scarcity.People store water at home due to water shortage; this will increase the risk of household water contamination and providing mosquitoes with a breeding ground, which are carriers of malaria, dengue fever and other diseases (World Health Organization, n. d. ). Human health is the most important issue but now water crisis already put human health below the safety level. The ever-increasing world population is a prime cause of the water scarcity. As populations grow rapidly, industrial, agricultural and individual water demands increase (â€Å"Global water shortage†, n. . ). In the last century, global water consumption amplified six fold which is more than twice the speed of population increase and it is believed that water consumption will continue growing and outpace population growth in the future; however, the available freshwater is limited which is less than the one percent of the total water on the Earth (â€Å"Water scarcity and†, n. d. ). Postel predicted the world is now facing the issue of insufficient water supply and foresees that problem of water supply or water availability will get worse for the next 30years.Consequently, Sandra argued it raises the issues of water supply in agriculture, production for human demand due to increase of income, and providing drinking water (as cited in Environmentalist on Water Conservation, 2010). Water shortage also happens because of decreasing groundwater level. In 2000, global water withdrawal was predicted to be 30% of the world’s total available fresh water supply. Before 2025, this fraction might reach 70% (â€Å"Water security and†, 2010). The water level underground in different parts of the earth are called water tables (Edwin, 2010).Water tables are dropping because of the over-pumping out of groundwater in many countries in a large portion (â€Å"Problem: Fresh†, n. d. ) which already exceeds natural replenishment (â€Å"Water security and†, 2010). The lack of the rain water falling causes ground water to flow into the sea. This will cause a slow decrease of the ground water level and this has to be controlled to try to make the water table increase. Water mining is happening at  twice  the speed of natural renewal, causing aquifer water tables to fall by 3 to 10 feet per year in most parts of the country.As a result, the deeper the water table, the more tough it is for those who need to use it (Edwin, 2010). Water scarcity happens due to its distribution but not the total volume of water worldwide (King, 2010). There are various reasons which cause water shortage. Based on research, global warming is one of the major roots of water scarcity (â€Å"Problem: Fresh†, n. d. ). The global temperature rises which leads to upstream glaciers melting into water. This might possibly be permanent and will cause various rivers to reduce in size and some will disappear completely.As there is less snow and more rain, the sea water level increase will encroach into the lower reaches of the streams. There will be more flooding and runoff during the rainy season, but water held as ice and snow in the mountains will also be less for use in the dry season (King, 2010). Yet, global warming raises the chance of evaporation losses from the surfaces of rivers, lakes, and reservoir (Glennon. 2005). Climate change ‘contributes’ to the water deficiency. It brings intensive and more frequent droughts (â€Å"Water security and†, 2010).The sum of water available to refill groundwater sources impacted upon by the rate of evaporation differs a great deal, depending on relative humidity and temperature. Konikow and Kendy showed fleeting heavy rainfall and a fast evapotranspiration rate being combining together with high demand of water channels will cause groundwater reduction. Oki et al had explained that t he terrific temporal inconsistency in water resources worldwide leads to the unevenness of distribution of precipitation in space and time (Climate institute, n. . ). Severe floods inundate coast-lines to cause interruption of salt water into fresh water which is also brought by climate change. UN scientists calculate that climate change effect will probably account for about a fifth of the increase in water scarcity (â€Å"Water security and†, 2010). All told, water as a renewable source has faced crisis due to the several causes which are mentioned above. Government plays an important role in solving the water shortage problem.While the final  custodian of the national water resources must be the government and must play the key role in deciding strategies and frameworks (â€Å"Water†, n. d. ). Some governments instil some rules and regulations to ensure the water supply lasts longer, for example, Arizona’s Groundwater Management Act, which enforces regulati on on all users including cites, farms, and mines over 45years (Glennon, 2005). This innovative law results by starting an effective and comprehensive approach to groundwater management (Arizona Department of Water Resource, n. d. ).On the other hand, China’s 11th five year plan from year 2006 to 2010 is focused on the development of technological innovation and water works for ensuring water supply and the safety of drinking water; it is also improving flood control and mitigation of disaster, and enhancing water saving and conservation. In constructing water conservation programs, governments still have a critical task to play. (Glennon, 2005) An alternative solution for water shortage is implementing new multination water sharing treaties. Currently, there is a large quantity of treaties in effect concerning water, yet most of them do not distribute properly.These ineffective agreements will also lead to apprehension between nations. There are 261 major rivers’ wate rsheds presently shared by two or more nations (Gleick, n. d. ). The Rio Glande Compact which exits between the United States and Mexico has gone through debate, experiment and negotiation to reach agreement. Basically, a water sharing treaty distributes water based on land, population, and contribution to supply to ensure appropriate allocation. Reduced uncertainty or future population, industry and environmental needs are some of the benefits of the treaty (War, 2011).Furthermore, sharing a treaty can let both countries have the high cost-sharing; (Diar, 2008) yet can improve the economics of the country (War, 2011). To conclude this, a multinational treaty would be exceptionally beneficial in resolving water arguments as well as reducing animosity and tension between countries. As, 97. 5percent of water on the earth is seawater (Arthurtonet al. , n. d. ), desalination of seawater is one of the long term solutions for water scarcity (Medalla, 2009). Desalination means remove salt from seawater.Desalinisation is explained as filtering salty water through chemical membranes filters and removing the salt through electro dialysis and reverse osmosis leaving only fresh water as end product. In the Middle East and North Africa, about 130 nations have already worked by this procedure. However, the desalinization process has become much more practical for city areas and reverse-osmosis systems have attained significant enhancements recently. Arrandale shows globally implementing simple water recycling and filtration systems would be a relatively easy task that would reap outstanding benefits.Making these global advancements would be an economically viable and environmentally friendly sustainable green step in the right direction towards the reduction of global water scarcity (Schwikert, Hall, & Jen, n. d. ). If compared with ten years ago, the cost of desalination has considerably lowered; this shows that making this type of solution is now more practicable. The des alination industry has also undergone other positive developments and technological advancement in capacity and filtration that have reduced general operating costs (Medalla, 2009). In conclusion, the problem of water scarcity is growing.As more demand is made on limited supplies, the effort and cost to develop or even sustain access to water will rise (â€Å"Water scarcity: The†, n. d. ). Indeed, solution for water scarcity is a necessity which has been mentioned, such as water sharing treaties, environmentally opposed desalination solutions, and government’s rules, regulations and plans. Apart from corporation, agencies, and government’s efforts, everyone can contribute too. Every small thing makes a difference for the world. Furthermore, people can just buy only fair-trade products, only organics, only sustainably certified seafood, wood and paper (Caldecott, 2008).The next generations deserve a better future! References Arizona Department of Water Resource ( n. d. ). Securing Arizona’s water future. Retrieved from http://www. azwater. gov/AzDWR/WaterManagement/documents/Groundwater_Code. pdf Arthurton, R. , Barker, S. , Rast, W. , Huber, M. , Alder, J. , Chilton, J. , †¦ Wagne, G. (n. d. ). Water. Retrieved from http://www. unep. org/geo/geo4/report/04_water. pdf Caldecott, J. (2008). Water. The causes, costs and future of a global crisis. (2nd ed. ) London, Virgin Books. Climate institute. (n. d. ). Water. Retrieved from http://www. climate. org/topics/water. tml Dinar, S. (2008). Treaty principles and patterns: Negotiations over international rivers. Benefits and costs and/or under economic asymmetry. (6. 1. 2. 2. 4). Retrieved from http://books. google. com. my/books? id=zSvObjuN8wYC&pg=PA229&lpg=PA229&dq=benefits+of+%22Water+Sharing+Treaty%22+cost+sharing&source=bl&ots=_pdTyaOsbd&sig=0S7DAmeJ-c9f0hzkEDlu3aLdOUo&hl=en&ei=ZgyoTrCSLKje4QTOhvDcDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=benefits%20o f%20%22Water%20Sharing%20Treaty%22%20cost%20sharing&f=false Edwin, S. 2010). The various causes of water scarcity in the world. Retrieved from http://www. saching. com/Articles/The-Various-Causes-of-Water-Scarcity-in-the-World-254. html Environmentalist on Water Conservation. (2010). Retrieved from http://thegreatvixen. weebly. com/water-conservation. html FOA. (n. d. ) Water & poverty, an issue of life & livelihoods. Retrieved from http://www. fao. org/nr/water/issues/scarcity. html Frank A. Ward. (2011). Presentation from the 2011World Water Week in Stockholm [Power Point slides]. Retrieved from http://www. worldwaterweek. rg/documents/WWW_PDF/2011/Monday/K24/Hydroeconomic-Modelling-in-Basins/Hydroeconomic-Modeling-in-Basins-Practice-Challenges-and-Reward. pdf Geoffrey, L. (2009). Water scarcity now bigger threat than financial crisis. Retrieved from http://www. independent. co. uk/environment/climate-change/water-scarcity-now-bigger-threat-than-financial-crisis-1645358. html Glei ck, P. H. (n. d. ). Making every drop count. Retrieved from http://web. macam. ac. il/~arnon/Int-ME/water/MAKING%20EVERY%20DROP%20COUNT. htm Global Water Shortage Looms In New Century (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://ag. arizona. edu/AZWATER/awr/dec99/Feature2. tm King, B. (2010). Scarcity of water. Retrieved from http://www. greeniacs. com/GreeniacsArticles/Water/Scarcity-of-Water. html Krechowicz, D. ,Venugopal, S. , Sauer, A. , Somani, S. , & Pandey, S. (2010). Weeding Risk: Financial Impacts of Climate Change and Water Scarcity on Asia’s Food and Beverage Sector. Retrieved from http://www. wri. org/publication/weeding-risk-asia Medalla, E. (2009). Hatch: Desalination is the solution for water scarcity in the north. Retrieved from http://www. bnamericas. com/news/waterandwaste/Hatch:_Desalination_is_the_solution_for_water_scarcity_in_the_north

The Men We Carry Our Minds By Scott Russell Sanders

Peoples’ differing views on feminism is cause for constant debate, as shown by Scott Russell Sanders, in his essay The Men We Carry in Our Minds. He brings a rather different, but accurate view point to the feminism debate. His perspective is not one that is overheard; instead it brings a new fresh idea and argument to the debate. He describes a man’s point of view, but not just any man’s view, one that witnessed and was around men that had jobs at steel mills, or a coal mines. The men that had the jobs that no one wanted, but were forced to work because they needed to make money so they could support their family. Sanders’ starts his essay with a conversation between him and his friend Anneke, in which he says â€Å"This must be a hard time for women† (329), Anneke then later replies â€Å"I think it’s a lot harder for men.†(329) This conversation is an ironic counter piece to Sanders’ argument, for he begins to divulge his view on feminism by bringing up the black convicts and white guards, which he describes in great detail, illustrating and creating an incredibly vivid description of what the barbaric scene in his field looked like. He talks about how to his perspective women have nothing to be jealous over; the men he knew and grew up around did not lead lives that he thought had anything to be envied of. 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Social Anxiety Disorder ( Disorder ) Essay - 2087 Words

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), also sometimes referred to as Social Phobia, is described by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA) as the â€Å"extreme fear of being scrutinized and judged by others in social or performance situations† (2016). The third most diagnosed mental disorder (Social Anxiety Disorder, 2016) social anxiety disorder is believed to affect nearly 15 million adults in the United States (Understanding the Facts: Social Anxiety Disorder, 2016) and is a growing concern in today’s ever more socially connected world. Much of the concern over social anxiety disorder stems from the idea that the age of onset often occurs during youth; around age 13 (Understanding the Facts: Social Anxiety Disorder, 2016) and that, of those affected, nearly one third state that they suffered symptoms of the disorder for more than 10 years before seeking out professional assistance (Understanding the Facts: Social Anxiety Disorder, 2016). It is at this point in personal development (age 13-14) that most adolescents, according to information found in the Encyclopedia of Children’s Health (ECH), enter into what German psychoanalyst Erik Erikson referred to as the fifth stage of personality development, or the Identity v. Role Confusion stage (ECH, 2016). It is during this fifth stage of development that adolescent’s generally begin to mature (ECH, 2016) both physically and mentally. Investigating how social interactions and relationships impacted personalShow MoreRelatedThe Anxiety Disorders : Social Anxiety Disorder2032 Words   |  9 PagesClient Goal There are many adolescences that suffer from anxiety that interferes with them performing in the school setting, and often affects their behavior and grades. One of these anxiety disorders is social anxiety disorder, which is â€Å"characterized by significant discomfort and avoidance of social or performance situations† (Ryan Warner, 2012, p. 105). 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